Egypt, Ancient
Maps
Map of the Nile River in Egypt, labeled "Region of New Race." The map is a historical artifact and appears to be from a book or publication. The map shows the Nile River and several ancient Egyptian place names along its banks, such as Abydos, Thebes, and Elephantine.
Steele, Lawrence E.
Copyright RDS Library & Archives. Publication, transmission or display is prohibited without formal written approval of the RDS Library & Archives.
Still image.
Mummies--Egypt
Photograph of the head of the Mummy of Rameses II in side profile.
Tombs--Egypt
Photograph of the entrance to the burial chamber of the tomb of Khabekhnet (TT2) in the Theban Necropolis, Egypt.
Excavations (Archaeology)
Photograph of Egyptian men working at an excavation site in Egypt. Two European men stand at the right of the image observing the work.
Egyptian stone wall with hieroglyphs and a depiction of a figure.
Hieroglyphics
Photograph of an Egyptian stone wall with hieroglyphs and a depiction of a figure. It is believed to be from the Temple of Edfu in Egypt, which is dedicated to the god Horus.
Burial chamber of the Tomb of Ramesses V and VI (KV9) in the Valley of the Kings, Egypt.
Photograph of the burial chamber of the Tomb of Ramesses V and VI (KV9) in the Valley of the Kings, Egypt. The walls and ceilings are decorated with well-preserved painted sunk relief carvings depicting various funerary texts and astronomical scenes. Two Egyptian men stand beside a pillar to the left of the image.
Photograph of the interior of a tomb with faded murals on the stone walls.
Mural painting and decoration, Egyptian
Photograph of a mural on the wall of an Egyptian tomb. The mural depicts three male figures, one with a bow and arrow. Some animals are also shown.
Photograph depicting a full-length mummy.
Photograph of a wall painting from the Tomb of Menna, with scenes depicting his life.
Relief (Art)
Carving (Decorative arts)
Relief from the Tomb of Mentuemhat depicting scenes of daily life.
Photograph of a mural depicting scenes from everyday life in Ancient Egypt from the Mastaba-Tomb of Mereruka.
False door from the mastaba tomb of Medunefer.
Photograph of a false door from the mastaba tomb of Medunefer. The door is surrounded by decorative carvings.
Egypt
Photograph of a rocky, desert landscape. Two figures are present in the photograph.
Tomb of Tyti, Theban region, Valley of the Queens, QV 52.
Photograph of the entrance to the Tomb of Tyti, Theban region, Valley of the Queens, QV 52. A mural and false door is visible on the wall.
Archaeological excavation at Gebelein, Egypt,
Excavations (Archaeology)--Egypt
Photograph of an archaeological excavation at Gebelein, Egypt, The image shows workers in a trench, with a walkway and walls visible, leading to the upper parts of a fortress. The tomb of Sheikh Musa is visible in the top section of the image.
Burial chamber of the Tomb of Ramesses V and Ramesses VI (KV9) in the Valley of the Kings, Egypt.
Photograph of the Burial chamber of the Tomb of Ramesses V and Ramesses VI (KV9) in the Valley of the Kings, Egypt. The walls of the tomb are decorated with scenes from various ancient Egyptian funerary texts.
Photograph of a modern gated entrance to a tomb. A padlock is visible on the gate. The gate is surrounded by stone.
Photograph of an entrance to a tomb carved into a rock face. A figure is present in the doorway of the tomb.
Photograph of three mummies lying together including a child and two adults.
Mummy of Queen Tiye, the Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III.
Photograph of the Mummy of Queen Tiye, the Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III. A cloth partially covers her face and her hand rests on her chest.
Photograph of a side profile of a mummy portraying the head and upper torso.
Photograph of the interior of an ancient Egyptian tomb. The walls are covered in detailed paintings and hieroglyphics.
Egyptian relief carving featuring hieroglyphs.
Photograph of an Egyptian relief carving featuring hieroglyphs.
Still limage.
Columns
Photograph of the interior of a tomb. The lower half of a round column is at the centre of the photograph.
Photograph of rock-cut tombs at Qau el-Kebir. The image shows a view of the rock-cut tombs and the surrounding area, including a field in the foreground and a mountain range in the background.
Temples
The Temple of Edfu is an Egyptian temple located on the west bank of the Nile in Edfu, Upper Egypt. The city was known in the Hellenistic period in Koine Greek as Ἀπόλλωνος πόλις and in Latin as Apollonopolis Magna, after the chief god Horus, who was identified as Apollo under the interpretatio graeca.It is one of the best preserved shrines in Egypt. The temple was built in the Ptolemaic Kingdom between 237 and 57 BC. The inscriptions on its walls provide important information on language, myth and religion during the Hellenistic period in Egypt. In particular, the Temple's inscribed building texts "provide details [both] of its construction, and also preserve information about the mythical interpretation of this and all other temples as the Island of Creation."There are also "important scenes and inscriptions of the Sacred Drama which related the age-old conflict between Horus and Seth."They are translated by the Edfu-Project.
Still image
Art, Egyptian
Photograph of an ancient Egyptian artwork depicting scenes of daily life and activities along the Nile River.
Colonnade of the Great Court of the Temple of Isis with seated European woman. Temple of Philae complex.
Colonnade of the Temple of Isis, Philae temple complex. The Philae temple complex (/ˈfaɪliː/; Ancient Greek: Φιλαί or Φιλή and Πιλάχ, Arabic: فيلة Egyptian Arabic: [fiːlæ], Egyptian: p3-jw-rķ' or 'pA-jw-rq; Coptic: ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ, ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕϩ,[ Coptic pronunciation: [ˈpilɑk, ˈpilɑkh]) is an island-based temple complex in the reservoir of the Aswan Low Dam, downstream of the Aswan Dam and Lake Nasser, Egypt in Africa. Originally, the temple complex was located on Philae Island, near the expansive First Cataract of the Nile in Upper Egypt. These rapids and the surrounding area have been variously flooded since the initial construction of the Aswan Low Dam in 1902. With the construction of the modern dam in Aswan (1960–1970) a few kilometers upstream, this temple was going to face total flooding and was initially omitted from the Nubia Campaign project to rescue all temples in the area and avoid what had previously happened with the Aswan Low Dam and the Temple of Philae. However, the importance of the monumental complex, formerly known as the Pearl of the Nile, remembered for the description by Pierre Loti in his literary work Mort de Philae, led to further commitment from UNESCO member countries, which launched an international competition to save the monuments of Philae.
Excavated structure with a brick archway.
Photo of an excavated structure with a brick archway possibly leading underground.
Colonnade of the Temple of Isis, Philae temple complex.
Gateway, colonnades and pylons of the Temple of Isis, Philae Temple complex, with Egyptian worker sitting in foreground.
Gateway, colonnades and pylons of the Temple of Isis, Philae Temple complex. The Philae temple complex (/ˈfaɪliː/; Ancient Greek: Φιλαί or Φιλή and Πιλάχ, Arabic: فيلة Egyptian Arabic: [fiːlæ], Egyptian: p3-jw-rķ' or 'pA-jw-rq; Coptic: ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ, ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕϩ,[ Coptic pronunciation: [ˈpilɑk, ˈpilɑkh]) is an island-based temple complex in the reservoir of the Aswan Low Dam, downstream of the Aswan Dam and Lake Nasser, Egypt in Africa. Originally, the temple complex was located on Philae Island, near the expansive First Cataract of the Nile in Upper Egypt. These rapids and the surrounding area have been variously flooded since the initial construction of the Aswan Low Dam in 1902. With the construction of the modern dam in Aswan (1960–1970) a few kilometers upstream, this temple was going to face total flooding and was initially omitted from the Nubia Campaign project to rescue all temples in the area and avoid what had previously happened with the Aswan Low Dam and the Temple of Philae. However, the importance of the monumental complex, formerly known as the Pearl of the Nile, remembered for the description by Pierre Loti in his literary work Mort de Philae, led to further commitment from UNESCO member countries, which launched an international competition to save the monuments of Philae.
Bas-reliefs of Temple of Isis, Philae Temple Complex.
Bas-reliefs Temple of Isis, Philae Temple Complex. The Philae temple complex (/ˈfaɪliː/; Ancient Greek: Φιλαί or Φιλή and Πιλάχ, Arabic: فيلة Egyptian Arabic: [fiːlæ], Egyptian: p3-jw-rķ' or 'pA-jw-rq; Coptic: ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ, ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕϩ,[ Coptic pronunciation: [ˈpilɑk, ˈpilɑkh]) is an island-based temple complex in the reservoir of the Aswan Low Dam, downstream of the Aswan Dam and Lake Nasser, Egypt in Africa. Originally, the temple complex was located on Philae Island, near the expansive First Cataract of the Nile in Upper Egypt. These rapids and the surrounding area have been variously flooded since the initial construction of the Aswan Low Dam in 1902. With the construction of the modern dam in Aswan (1960–1970) a few kilometers upstream, this temple was going to face total flooding and was initially omitted from the Nubia Campaign project to rescue all temples in the area and avoid what had previously happened with the Aswan Low Dam and the Temple of Philae. However, the importance of the monumental complex, formerly known as the Pearl of the Nile, remembered for the description by Pierre Loti in his literary work Mort de Philae, led to further commitment from UNESCO member countries, which launched an international competition to save the monuments of Philae.
View of the Philae Temple complex from the south.
The Philae temple complex (/ˈfaɪliː/; Ancient Greek: Φιλαί or Φιλή and Πιλάχ, Arabic: فيلة Egyptian Arabic: [fiːlæ], Egyptian: p3-jw-rķ' or 'pA-jw-rq; Coptic: ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ, ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕϩ,[ Coptic pronunciation: [ˈpilɑk, ˈpilɑkh]) is an island-based temple complex in the reservoir of the Aswan Low Dam, downstream of the Aswan Dam and Lake Nasser, Egypt in Africa. Originally, the temple complex was located on Philae Island, near the expansive First Cataract of the Nile in Upper Egypt. These rapids and the surrounding area have been variously flooded since the initial construction of the Aswan Low Dam in 1902. With the construction of the modern dam in Aswan (1960–1970) a few kilometers upstream, this temple was going to face total flooding and was initially omitted from the Nubia Campaign project to rescue all temples in the area and avoid what had previously happened with the Aswan Low Dam and the Temple of Philae. However, the importance of the monumental complex, formerly known as the Pearl of the Nile, remembered for the description by Pierre Loti in his literary work Mort de Philae, led to further commitment from UNESCO member countries, which launched an international competition to save the monuments of Philae.
Postcard of the Island of Philae, Egypt flooded due to the construction of the Aswan Low Dam.
Egypt-- Aswan Dam
The island of Philae, submerged due to the completion of the Aswan Low Dam (Assouan Dam) - 1906. The Philae temple complex (/ˈfaɪliː/; Ancient Greek: Φιλαί or Φιλή and Πιλάχ, Arabic: فيلة Egyptian Arabic: [fiːlæ], Egyptian: p3-jw-rķ' or 'pA-jw-rq; Coptic: ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ, ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕϩ,[ Coptic pronunciation: [ˈpilɑk, ˈpilɑkh]) is an island-based temple complex in the reservoir of the Aswan Low Dam, downstream of the Aswan Dam and Lake Nasser, Egypt in Africa. Originally, the temple complex was located on Philae Island, near the expansive First Cataract of the Nile in Upper Egypt. These rapids and the surrounding area have been variously flooded since the initial construction of the Aswan Low Dam in 1902. With the construction of the modern dam in Aswan (1960–1970) a few kilometers upstream, this temple was going to face total flooding and was initially omitted from the Nubia Campaign project to rescue all temples in the area and avoid what had previously happened with the Aswan Low Dam and the Temple of Philae. However, the importance of the monumental complex, formerly known as the Pearl of the Nile, remembered for the description by Pierre Loti in his literary work Mort de Philae, led to further commitment from UNESCO member countries, which launched an international competition to save the monuments of Philae.
The Temple of Dendur (Dendoor in the 19th century) is a Roman Egyptian religious structure originally located in Tuzis (later Dendur), Nubia about 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of modern Aswan. Around 23 BCE, Emperor Augustus commissioned the temple dedicated to the Egyptian goddess Isis and deified brothers Pedesi and Pihor from Nubia. In 1963, as part of the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia, UNESCO helped rescue and relocate the temple from flooding caused by the Aswan High Dam.[5] Egypt gave the temple to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, which has exhibited it since 1978. Petronius, the Roman governor of Egypt, built the Temple of Dendur at the request of Caesar Augustus, the emperor of Rome that included Egypt at that time. Originally named Octavian, Augustus became emperor after defeating Mark Antony and Egyptian Queen Cleopatra in 31 BCE. During his reign, Augustus had Egyptian-style temples built and dedicated to Egyptian gods and goddesses. However, he only commissioned a few temples in Nubia. One of those was the Temple of Dendur which he placed on the west bank of the Nile river in Tuzis (later Dendur, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of modern Aswan). Construction started in 23 BCE and finished in 10 BCE. Augustus used the temple to legitimize and maintain his rule.[2] Part of his strategy was connecting his name and image with Isis, the primary deity in Dendur, and the local cult of Pedesi and Pihor. It was more than a temple—it was also a home for the gods. When the local people visited the temple and brought traditional gifts of incense, wine, cold water, clothing, food, and milk, they nurtured their ruler, Augustus, and also ensured their community's prosperity. In the sixth century, Coptic Christians used the temple as a church. When Egypt increased the height of the Aswan Low Dam in 1933, the temple's proximity to the Nile was problematic. The temple complex began flooding for nine months each year.
Wall relief from an ancient Egyptian tomb.
Photograph of a wall relief from an ancient Egyptian tomb. The relief depicts scenes of daily life.
Nile River
Tomb wall painting from the Temple of Deir el-Medina.
Photograph of an ancient Egyptian tomb wall painting depicting a scene from the Temple of Deir el-Medina.
Wall relief carving depicting scenes from daily life.
View of the River Nile, with boats and figures, Aswan.
Egypt--Aswan Dam
A view of the River Nile, with boats and figures, Aswan.
A bas-relief of figures with boats- possibly from the Temple of Dendur.
False door from the tomb of the ancient Egyptian official Metjetji on display in the Cairo Museum.
False door from the tomb of the ancient Egyptian official Metjetji displayed in the Cairo Museum. The inscriptions on the door include the deceased's name and titles, as well as offering formulas.
Hypostyle Hall, Temple of Hathor, Dendera temple complex. European woman in foreground.
The Hypostyle Hall of the Temple of Hathor at Dendera, Egypt, is a magnificent Ptolemaic-era hall featuring a forest of colossal, intricately carved sandstone columns crowned with Hathor's face. Its vividly painted ceiling is adorned with celestial motifs, zodiac symbols, and hieroglyphs depicting gods and rituals, creating a breathtaking sacred atmosphere. This well-preserved hall showcases ancient Egyptian artistic skill, religious beliefs, and architectural ingenuity from the late Ptolemaic and Roman periods.
Tomb wall painting from the tomb of Baqet III at Beni Hasan.
Photograph of a tomb wall painting from the tomb of Baqet III at Beni Hasan depicting wrestling scenes.
Sarcophagus of Apis bull, Serapeum of Saqqara.
Sarcophagi
The Serapeum of Saqqara was the ancient Egyptian burial place for sacred bulls of the Apis cult at Memphis. It was believed that the bulls were incarnations of the god Ptah, which would become immortal after death as Osiris-Apis, a name which evolved to Serapis (Σέραπις) in the Hellenistic period, and Userhapi (ⲟⲩⲥⲉⲣϩⲁⲡⲓ) in Coptic. It is one of the animal catacombs in the Saqqara necropolis, which also contains the burial vaults of the mother cows of the Apis, the Iseum. Over a timespan of approximately 1400 years, from the New Kingdom of Egypt to the end of the Ptolemaic Period, at least sixty Apis are attested to have been interred at the Serapeum. For the earliest burials, isolated tombs were constructed. As the cult gained importance, underground galleries were dug that connected subsequent burial chambers. Above ground, the main temple enclosure was supplemented by shrines, workshops, housing and administrative quarters. From the Late Period onward, most Apis were buried in large sarcophagi, which weigh around 40 tonnes (88,000 lb) and have 25 t (55,000 lb) lids. They were moved with the help of winches, rollers and levers. To lower them into their final position the chambers were first filled with sand, which was then gradually removed. Only four of the 24 surviving sarcophagi are inscribed. The quality of the inscriptions varies, the ones of Amasis II were beautifully executed, whereas those on an anonymous sarcophagus were only crudely scratched on the polished surface. The Serapeum was closed in the beginning of the Roman period, after 30 BC. In the subsequent centuries large-scale looting took place. Many of the superstructures were dismantled, the burial vaults broken into, and most of the mummified Apis and their opulent burial goods removed. In 1850 Auguste Mariette rediscovered the Serapeum, and excavated it the following years. He found two undisturbed Apis burials, as well as thousands of objects related to centuries of cult activity. These included commemorative stela with dates relating to the life and death of the Apis and the construction of their burial vaults. This data was crucial for the establishment of an Egyptian chronology in the 19th century. The Greater Vaults of the Serapeum, known for the large sarcophagi of the mummified bulls, are accessible to visitors.
Map of the Island of Philae, submerged due to the completion of the Aswan Low Dam (Assouan Dam) - 1906. The Philae temple complex (/ˈfaɪliː/; Ancient Greek: Φιλαί or Φιλή and Πιλάχ, Arabic: فيلة Egyptian Arabic: [fiːlæ], Egyptian: p3-jw-rķ' or 'pA-jw-rq; Coptic: ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ, ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕϩ,[ Coptic pronunciation: [ˈpilɑk, ˈpilɑkh]) is an island-based temple complex in the reservoir of the Aswan Low Dam, downstream of the Aswan Dam and Lake Nasser, Egypt in Africa. Originally, the temple complex was located on Philae Island, near the expansive First Cataract of the Nile in Upper Egypt. These rapids and the surrounding area have been variously flooded since the initial construction of the Aswan Low Dam in 1902. With the construction of the modern dam in Aswan (1960–1970) a few kilometers upstream, this temple was going to face total flooding and was initially omitted from the Nubia Campaign project to rescue all temples in the area and avoid what had previously happened with the Aswan Low Dam and the Temple of Philae. However, the importance of the monumental complex, formerly known as the Pearl of the Nile, remembered for the description by Pierre Loti in his literary work Mort de Philae, led to further commitment from UNESCO member countries, which launched an international competition to save the monuments of Philae.
Cliffs
Canyons
Aerial view of the cliffs and canyons of Wadi en-Nar.
View of the Nile across Island of Philae with boats.
Photograph of a tomb entrance with a person standing by the gated entrance, which is set into a rocky hillside.
Capitals of columns of the Temple of Philae complex.
Bas-relief showing carved soldiers. Possibly the Temple of Isis, Philae temple complex.
Bas-relief showing carved soldiers. Possible Temple of Isis, Philae temple complex.
The Sanctuary, Temple of Horus at Edfu, with Egyptian guide in foreground.
Photograph of a section of wall from the remains of the ancient city of Nineveh.
Mummy in a glass case displayed in the Cairo Museum.
Mummies
Drawing of two sarcophagi illustrating the process of mummification and burial practices in ancient Egypt.
Boats and boating in art
Mural from a tomb depicting boating on the River Nile. Two rocks are in the foreground of the photograph.
Mural from the tomb of Thutmose III in the Valley of the Kings, Thebes, Egypt.
Photograph of a portion of the mural from the tomb of Thutmose III in the Valley of the Kings, Thebes, Egypt. The mural depicts Thutmose III and members of his royal family.
Stele (Archaeology)
Painted wooden stela depicting the tomb of Sennefer.
Photograph of the mummified head and shoulders of Thutmose III. Some cloth has been placed inside the mouth.
Illustration of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Illustration from a book featuring a photograph of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs. The text at the bottom identifies the subject as "Thoutmes III," referring to the pharaoh Thutmose III, and mentions the "Première salle" (First hall) and the "Début du Catalogue des divinités" (Beginning of the Catalogue of divinities).
Photograph from a book featuring a illustration of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs. The text at the bottom identifies the subject as "Thoutmes III," referring to the pharaoh Thutmose III, and mentions the "Première salle" (First hall) and the "Début du Catalogue des divinités" (Beginning of the Catalogue of divinities).
Floor plans
Plan and cross-sections of the tomb of Thutmose III in the Valley of the Kings, Egypt.
Photograph of a mummified head with long hair.
Photograph of a relief carving of three people and a dead animal. Sections of another mural are also visible.
View of the ancient Sumerian city of Ur.
Distant view across the desert of the ancient Sumerian city of Ur. The ruins of a temple like structure are in the centre of the photograph with mountains visible in the background. There is a tomb like structure in the foreground.
Toys
Dolls
Photograph of two dolls made of string. One doll is large with long hair and the other is small with beaded hair. The smaller doll is from the tomb BH 420 in necropolis of Beni Hasan and was made in the First Intermediate Period, 2160-2055 BCE. It is now owned by Eton College, England, in the Myers Collection.
Photograph of a mummified head. The neck and shoulders are also visible in the image.
Rocks
Photograph of a rock face with some holes carved into it.
Pets
Geology
Sketch showing the principal geological features of Egypt and Nubia. The map shows four main geological features: Alluvium, Limestone, Sandstone, and Crystalline Rocks.
Photograph of the River Nile showing boats, trees and a bridge.
Waterfalls
Photograph of Ripon Falls, on the Nile River. The image shows a waterfall with trees visible on the river shore and adjacent to the waterfall.
View of the River Nile with a group of people at work.
Photograph of a group of people at work by the River Nile.
Map of the Suez Canal and surrounding areas.
Suez Canal (Egypt)
Image of a map showing the route of the Suez Canal and the surrounding area, including the Libyan Desert and the Red Sea.
Map of the Eastern World in the 14th century B.C.
Map of the Eastern World in the 14th century B.C. The map shows the territories of several ancient empires and kingdoms, and is likely from a historical text.
Timeline of the Egyptian Empire covering the period from 4777 to 340 BC. The timeline highlights significant rulers and dynasties.
Timeline of the Egyptian Empire, covering the period from 4777 B.C. to 340 A.D.
Seas
Drawing from a rocky seashore. Rocks are visible in the foreground leading out to the sea.
Mosques
Distant view of the Mosque of Muhammad Ali in Cairo, Egypt.
Aerial view of the Aswan Dam and surrounding region on the Nile River in Egypt.
Aswan Dam (Egypt)
Map depicting an erial view of the Aswan Dam and surrounding region on the Nile River in Egypt.
Bridges
Photograph of the Qasr El Nil Bridge in Cairo, Egypt. It shows the bridge's entrance with one of the iconic lion statues. People with camels are also present in the photograph.
Villages--Egypt
Photograph taken from the water of an ancient village. Figures are visible at the shore.
Photograph of a cliff face across water.
Boats and boating
Photograph of two men on board a boat. The figure on the left is steering the boat and his head is covered. The other figure is at the front of the boat looking ahead. Mountains are visible in the background.
Sailboats
Photograph of a sailboat on a river. A woman in a long dress is on the boat's deck, which appears to be laden with cargo. A man in a turban is seated further back on the boat. The boat has a large sail, part of which is visible on the right side of the image. The background shows a tree-lined bank reflecting in the water.
Photograph of two Dahabiya boats with passengers coming into shore. Two smaller boats are visible in the image.
Steamboats
Photograph of a steamboat named "Thewfikieh". The boat is docked, and people are visible on the deck and on the gangway. The vessel is decorated with numerous flags.
Harbors--Egypt
Distant view of Wadi al-Jarf, an ancient harbor site on the Red Sea coast of Egypt.
Photograph of a group of Egyptian and European people. An Egyptian couple feature in the foreground. The man sits on a donkey and the woman is walking with a Egyptian water vessel on her head.
Fishing boats
Photograph of a fishing vessel with two masts beside a cliff face. Some people are on the vessel.
Photograph taken from a boat of a cliff face. The front section of the boat is visible in the image.
View of a tall, fortified mud-brick building.
Buildings
Photograph of a village with a tall, fortified mud-brick building and a grove of palm trees.
Philae (Egypt)
Photograph of the island of Philae, located in the Nile River near Aswan, Egypt. The image shows the rocky landscape of the island.
Historical map of Egypt from the Delta to Beni-Suef. The map details the course of the Nile River, the surrounding desert areas, and major cities and landmarks from that time.